Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cayetano W. Paderanga Jr. Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Philippines Title: A Review of Land Settlements in the Philippines 1900-1975 Abstract: The history of land settlement programs in the Philippines from 1900 to 1975 is reviewed from secondary sources, including three case studies. A few similarities are noticed among all of the resettlement movements: (a) the small number of families that are directly resettled by government programs, and (b) the large proportion of spontaneous migrants that are attracted by the government stimulus. One conclusion is that while land settlement increased total production of the country as a whole, it had unintended side effects such as increased cultural con?icts. Neither can land settlement be expected to permanently solve agrarian problems although the presence of frontier land can temporarily delay acute conditions. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 1-54 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/296/692 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:1-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gloria M. Arroyo Author-Workplace-Name: Board of Investments and Garments and Trade Export Board Title: An Investigation of the Real Effects of Government Expenditures Abstract: The paper examines the macroeconomic effects of government expenditures. The possible crowding-out effects of government expenditures on private consumption are investigated under the notion that the possible benefits of government spending, as well as the changes in disposable income due to tax changes are both perceived by people -- a case of two-sided rationality. The discussion takes off from the empirical work of Feldstein in defense of the multiplier effect of government purchases, and that of Kormendi about the crowding-out effect of government expenditures on consumption. The paper then tests the implications of the consolidated approach to modeling consumer behavior developed by Barro and Bailey with Philippine aggregate data. Results show that the various specifications of the consumption function were characterized by significant and large negative effects of government expenditures on private consumption. It is thus concluded that in the Philippines, government expenditures have a strong crowding-out effect on private consumption. This effect tends to dampen rather than raise output and employment. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 55-77 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/297/402 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:55-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin T. Fujii Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Hawaii Author-Name: Mohammed Khaled Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Hawaii Author-Name: James Mak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Hawaii Title: An Empirical Comparison of Systems of Demand Equations for Tourist Expenditures in Resort Destinations Abstract: In this paper, we employ the systems approach to the estimation of demand equations. We model visitor expenditures on six different categories of goods at a major resort destination,Hawaii.This study breaks new ground in several respects: (a) we apply systems estimation techniques to a new area -- detailed budget data on visitor expenditures at a given resort destination, (b) we compare elasticities generated by the linear expenditure system and the Rotterdam model with the almost ideal demand system, a new functional form that has not been extensively tested empirically, and (c) we improve on a method suggested by Parks to measure goodness of fit in the Rotterdam model. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 79-102 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/298/407 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:79-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Epictetus E. Patalinghug Author-Workplace-Name: College of Business Administration, University of the Philippines Title: Rediscounting, Savings Mobilization, and the Rural Banking System Abstract: The paper assesses the performance of rural banks, particularly the role of rediscounting and savings mobilization in enhancing their viability. Evidence suggests that Philippine rural financial institutions can mobilize savings as a reliable source of funds for a financial market which is becoming increasingly dependent on competition and efficiency. It notes that new policies geared towards the rural banking system will be effective if they are viewed as permanent rather than temporary. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 103-123 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/299/405 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:103-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.A. Gonzales Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute and International Rice Research Institute. Title: Rice Production and Regional Crop Diversification in the Philippines: Economic Issues Abstract: The paper discusses Philippine rice production on the basis of some economic issues. Its main points are that 1) the current low world market price of rice adversely affects the economic viability of Philippine rice production, 2) Economic efficiency should be the overriding norm in attempts to alleviate the plight of the poor and disadvantaged groups, 3) Agricultural diversification can be tapped to help improve the economic well-being of poor rice farmers, 4) Given natural resource endowments, technology and trade, the determinant of agricultural diversification should be comparative advantage or economic efficiency. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 125-148 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/300/406 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:125-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arsenio M. Balisacan Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Philippines at Los Banos Title: Political Investment in Economic Protection: A Note Abstract: This note presents some aspects of the neoclassical political economy of economic protection. It develops a conceptual framework which focuses on the costs and benefits of investment in political in?uence to certain conditions in the society and how the benefit-cost structure may affect the level of economic protection and the amount of what Bhagwati called "directly unproductive profit-seeking" activities. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 149-157 Volume: 24 Issue: 1&2 Year: 1987 Month: March & June File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/301/404 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:24:y:1987:i:1&2:p:149-157