Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saw Swee-Hock Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Singapore Title: Population and Labor Force Growth and Patterns in ASEAN Countries Abstract: The paper shows that the diverse labor dimensions prevailing in the ASEAN region can be attributed to changes in the structure of the society and economy in the course of recent economic development. It observes the considerable variety in the growth of the population and its effect on the labor force in the ASEAN region which has exhibited continuous growth during the last two decades, though at quite different speeds. The paper details the similarity and diversity in the level and type of labor force participation rates. A common feature shared by ASEAN countries is a general pattern in the age-specific participation rate of men. In contrast, the women, aside from participating in the labor force at a much lower level than men at almost all ages, display diverse patterns of participation over the working age range. Lastly, the distribution of the labor force according to major industrial sectors in the six ASEAN countries is presented, noting the extremely low proportion of 1.6 per cent of the labor force in agriculture in Singapore contrasted by Thailand's 72.5 per cent, and the similar proportion of the workforce in agriculture in Indonesia and the Philippines. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 187-203 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/290/419 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:187-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony M. Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. Title: Agricultural Poverty in Panama for Asian Perspective Abstract: The paper offers an Asian frame of reference to the technological and institutional dualism within agriculture in Panama and its role in de?ning the character of Panamanian rural poverty. Firstly, it draws up a profile of poverty farms which corroborates the descriptive pro?le yielded by a study conducted by the Panamanian government. Next, it outlines the economics of under-development and then proceeds to an extensive discussion of the development of poverty theories, particularly with reference to agriculture. It then presents a regression model based on the relationships hypothesized in the theoretical formulations, and using 19 70 farm data for each of Panama’s 66 Districts. Based on the regression results showing that Panamanian farmers of all sizes are responsive to economic opportunities, the paper recommends the abandonment of high selective price support and of government import monopoly by IMA in favor of world market prices. Taking into consideration the crucial importance of locational variables as determinants of farm income, the paper further proposes a homestead land redistribution program by making all public farmlands available for permanent settlement by farm households. This would serve to reconcentrate farm settlements in areas with more favorable locational characteristics. Finally, to complement the price and land reform measures, it is suggested that multi-purpose cooperatives be established, like the Farmers’ Associations of East Asia. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 205-242 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/291/420 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:205-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Encarnacion Jr. Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Philippines Title: Price Decisions and Employment Equilibrium Abstract: Instead of expected profit maximization, this‘ paper assumes a safety-first objective so that the firm will set a higher price for its product if cost or demand is higher, which has macroeconomic implications, With all firms in the economy as price setters, there is an equilibrium of prices which entails an employment equilibrium, and vice versa. The model developed can account for increasing unemployment with in?ation, and allows for procyclical real wages. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 243-253 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/292/413 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:243-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mayu T. Munarriz Author-Workplace-Name: Not Available Title: Socioeconomic Changes in Tondo Foreshore: An Evaluation of a Slum Upgrading Project Abstract: This paper examines socioeconomic changes brought about by the Tondo Foreshore Development Project to residents’ living conditions after project implementation. It compares levels of income, school enrolment and pursuance of high school education, perceived community problems and health conditions before and after project implementation. Significant differences in these variables were found, suggesting that an examination of project feasibility in the light of its socioeconomic impacts permits a realistic and comprehensive method of project evaluation. Thus, socioeconomic impact studies of this type are recommended. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 255-270 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/293/417 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:255-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Concepcion R. Martires Author-Workplace-Name: College of Business Administration, University of the Philippines Title: Management and its Impact on Productivity in the Philippine Work Setting of Food and Garments Industries Abstract: The study investigates the impact on productivity of selected management variables, namely: motivational strength, mtisfaction level, commitment level, leadership style and management level. Data are gathered principally through a survey conducted among managers and supervisors in food and garments firms in Metro Manila. The results of the survey show that moderate to strong relationships were exhibited when the independent variables were correlated with the objective measures of productivity, while subjective measures of performance showed very weak correlation with the independent factors, even when taken together. Based on its ?ndings, the paper ventures several recommendations which include, among others, a continuing dialogue between owners, top executives, and middle managers; the improvement of leadership styles among managers towards greater task- and people-orientation; and measures leading to the reduction of the communication gap between top managers and middle management. Furthermore, the paper proposes that similar studies be conducted in other industries, and points out the areas which future studies can further explore to clarify and/or validate the results obtained thus far Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 271-293 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/294/418 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:271-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Casimiro V. Miranda Jr. Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Philippines Title: Criteria for the Regional Allocation of Public Resources Abstract: Based on a spatial development policy objective of continuous regional growth to reduce interregional gap and unemployment, the paper develops simple criteria for the regional allocation of public resources for development from a regional growth model that uses the well-known Ha:-rod-Domar growth equation as extended by a neoclassical production function. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 295-305 Volume: 25 Issue: 3&4 Year: 1988 Month: September & December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/download/295/414 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:25:y:1988:i:3&4:p:295-305