Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. D. Corpuz Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Philippines Title: Land and Agriculture in the Philippines: An Economic History Perspective Abstract: This article explains the land system established since the late 16th and 17th centuries as a result of the Spanish conquest, and traces the various types of landholdings and their economic roles to the end of the Spanish era. Except for the government purchase of the friar haciendas in 1903, the structure of the land system — and of agriculture — was not changed during the United States occupation era. The cadastering and titling systems favored large landholders and plantation agriculture, and small scale agriculture, especially the rice sector, was neglected. The article closes with a presentation of average farm sizes covering 1903 (good for 1898) to 1980, showing the fragmentation of farms in domestic agriculture. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 137-160 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/153/699 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:137-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marichu Fajardo-Duka Author-Workplace-Name: National Statistics Office Title: Poverty Measurement and Decomposition of Aggregate Poverty Change in the Philippines Abstract: Poverty assessment is influenced by how the issues on the definition and measurement of poverty are addressed. These conceptual issues include: the choice of welfare indicator, the determination of the poverty line, the unit of analysis, the choice of equivalence scales and the choice of poverty index. Using the household data set of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey, this study illustrates that the incidence of poverty differs, depending on the choice of poverty index. Given a change in the poverty incidence between 1985 and 1988, this paper examines the factors underlying the observed change through the use of a decomposition method. This method quantifies the relative contribution of economic growth and changes in inequality to changes in poverty. The results indicate that the growth component at a given level of consumption largely contributes to the overall poverty reduction. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 161-178 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/154/700 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:161-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aniceto C. Orbeta Jr. Author-Workplace-Name: Philippine Institute for Development Studies Title: Population Growth, Human Capital Expenditures and Economic Growth: A Macroeconometric Analysis Abstract: The paper presents an econometrically estimated model where economic and demographic variables are determined simultaneously. It is used to quantify the importance of human capital expenditures in socioeconomic and demographic development as well as analyze the effects of rapid population growth on human capital expenditures. The simulation results indicate that human capital expenditures are important determinants of economic development, have appreciable negative effects on both fertility and infant mortality, hence, have negligible net effects on population in human capital expenditures per capita which implies a deteriorating quality of human capital. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 179-230 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/155/733 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:179-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruperto Majuca II Author-Workplace-Name: Science and Technology Resource Assessment and Evaluation Division (STRAED), Planning and Evaluation Service, Department of Science and Technology Title: Balance-of-Payments Crises: Timing the Collapse of the Philippine Peso Abstract: The focus of this paper is to undertake an empirical analysis of the Philippine balance of payments and to predict the date of the exchange rate collapse. Domestic credit expansion stimulated speculative attacks against the peso leading to the eventual depletion of the Central Bank’s stock of foreign reserves. This was so even though the initial level of reserves suspended the devaluation and arti?cially defended the peso. Moreover, a domestic credit growth that is faster than the world average given a domestic income growth that is slower than the world average affects the balance of payments negatively. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 231-250 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/156/709 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:231-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danny Hutabarat Author-Workplace-Name: Universitas Kristen Indonesia Title: Macroeconomic Adjustment and Private Investment in Indonesia in the Eighties Abstract: A marked pattern in the adjustment process in the 1980s has been the inability of many developing countries to sustain investment rate. The same goes for Indonesia. Changes in policy during the period 1981-1988 in Indonesia have lowered the total amount of capital formation. To assess the impact of those policy changes whose impact can in fact be quanti?ed, a simple model of Indonesia’s private investment behavior has been developed which is essentially a variant of the ?exible accelerator model adapted to incorporate some of the policy variables expected to affect Indonesia’s private investment during the adjustment process. More specifically, this study concentrated on government’s investment policies from a macroeconomic point of view. The results show that the government’s policies had a marked impact on private investment behavior in Indonesia during the sample period. In other words, changes in government policy are responsible for Indonesia’s private investment behavior during the eighties. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 251-263 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/157/707 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:251-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Epictetus E. Patalinghug Author-Workplace-Name: National Statistics Office Title: Industrial Policy in Export-Oriental Economies: Lessons from the Experiences of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Abstract: The paper describes the experiences of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in their successful export-oriented development. A comparison of industrial policies in these three economies indicates that their governments actively and consciously intervene to in?uence speci?c ?rms and industries. However, most export incentives were administered uniformly across all industries. At the same time, incentives were granted based on output performance within a limited duration in an environment that encouraged policy reforms and market orientation. Some of the important lessons to be learned from the experiences of these three export-oriented economies are the involvement of the private sector in the promotion of exports and the establishment of a system of export targets. Journal: Philippine Review of Economics Pages: 264-276 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Year: 1992 Month: December File-URL: http://pre.econ.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pre/article/view/158/708 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:phs:prejrn:v:29:y:1992:i:2:p:264-276